Studs-Up Slide Tackles & Dangerous Play
This YMTC episode dives into a long-standing referee debate: When does a studs-up slide tackle constitute dangerous play? Two experienced referees hold opposing views on this issue, making it a prime example of how interpretation and enforcement of the Laws of the Game (LOTG) can varyYMTC #6.
Breaking Down the Debate
When discussing how to apply a rule, referees should begin by considering why the rule was originally written. After that, they must evaluate the various considerations involved in enforcement. Ultimately, as emphasized by “Mike’s Maxim,” the most important question is:
“What does the game need?”
The discussion revolves around a specific scenario: A player executes a sliding tackle challenge with studs up—exposing their cleats toward an opponent who is positioned on the opposite side of the ball. Does this action alone qualify as “dangerous play”?
Some referees argue that if no contact is made, the action may not automatically be a foul. Others insist that it inherently poses a significant risk and should be penalized as dangerous play.
One assessor reinforced that such tackles are always dangerous and should be called. Another referee, however, disagreed and did not view this as a clear-cut violation.
Jeff G. introduced a tiered approach to officiating such situations:
- If the challenge is studs up with no contact, it should at least warrant a verbal warning to the player.
- If the player contacts the ball first and the opponent second, a yellow card is appropriate.
- If the player makes contact with the opponent in a severe manner, even after touching the ball, a red card should be issued.
Does Dangerous Play Require Contact?
A key question emerged:
Does dangerous play require actual contact to be considered an offense?
The answer is no. Dangerous play is an indirect free kick (IFK) offense that occurs when a player’s action threatens injury to an opponent or even themselves. A foul, however, typically requires contact and results in a direct free kick (DFK).
- Can serious foul play (SFP) or violent conduct (VC) occur without contact?
- Yes. Attempting to strike, kick, or challenge an opponent dangerously—even if no contact is made—can still warrant a red card.
A recent example involved a goalkeeper attempting violent conduct but missing the opponent entirely. Despite no contact being made, the referee correctly issued a red card for violent conduct.
Interpreting Studs-Up Challenges in Real Matches
A recent USA match provided an example where an announcer claimed a tackle was clean because “no studs or contact on the leg” occurred. However, when reviewing the play, the tackle was clearly dangerous and nearly incited a brawl.
Referees must understand that a studs-up challenge inherently poses a risk, regardless of contact.
The IFAB Laws of the Game clarify:
- Foul examples WITHOUT contact:
- Jumping at
- Kicking or attempting to kick
- Striking or attempting to strike (including head-butting)
- Tripping or attempting to trip
- Biting or spitting at someone (contact is not required)
- Definitions of disciplinary actions based on challenge severity:
- Careless: Lack of attention or precaution → No card needed
- Reckless: Disregards danger to the opponent → Yellow card
- Excessive force / endangering safety: Must be sent off
Analyzing a Bicycle Kick vs. a Studs-Up Challenge
The discussion also referenced a bicycle kick incident in an England-Slovenia match where a player executed an overhead kick, striking an opponent in the face. The referee ignored the foul, despite the injured player being down for minutes.
- Was this dangerous play?
Yes. A bicycle kick is legal only if it does not endanger an opponent. - What should the call have been?
- Indirect free kick for dangerous play (if no contact).
- Direct free kick or penalty kick (if contact occurred).
- Yellow or red card depending on the severity.
The Referee’s Ultimate Responsibility
Referees must prioritize player safety over the opinions of uneducated spectators or coaches. The proper approach to a studs-up challenge is to call it immediately and explain why. Referees set the tone for the game, preventing dangerous play from escalating into serious injuries.
Final Takeaway
A studs-up tackle toward an opponent is inherently dangerous and should be addressed accordingly. While some referees may allow play to continue if no contact is made, it is critical to consider game management, player safety, and setting a precedent. Whether through a warning, a caution, or an immediate dismissal, referees must enforce these rules consistently and clearly communicate their decisions to players and teams.
Last Updated on March 12, 2025 by Frank